The history of King's Crown Cake

The King's Crown Cake is a traditional pastry consumed on January 6th, Epiphany Day, in various countries such as Spain, Mexico, and France. Its origins date back to the ancient Roman celebrations of Saturnalia, festivals honouring the god Saturn that marked the end of the shortest days of the year. During these festivities, round cakes made with figs, dates, and honey were shared among the population, including slaves, as a symbol of equality and prosperity.

In the 3rd century, the custom of hiding a dried bean inside these cakes was introduced. Whoever found the bean was symbolically named 'king of kings' during the festive period. This tradition endured and adapted over time, becoming part of the Christian celebrations of the Epiphany, commemorating the visit of the Three Wise Men to the infant Jesus.

During the Middle Ages, the tradition of the King's Crown Cake became established in various regions of Europe. For example, in Navarre, in 1361, the child who found the bean in the cake was named 'King of the Bean' and granted certain privileges during the celebration. Similarly, in France, the 'Le Roi de Fève' was celebrated, where the lucky finder of the bean was honoured with gifts and recognition.

In the 18th century, King Louis XV of France popularised a variant of the tradition by introducing a gold coin instead of a bean in the cake, adding an element of luxury and surprise. His uncle, King Philip V of Spain, brought this practice to Spain, where the King's Crown Cake became deeply rooted in Christmas festivities.

In Mexico, the tradition of the King's Crown Cake, known as 'Rosca de Reyes,' was introduced during the colonial era in the 16th century. The Mexican rosca is characterised by its oval shape and decoration with brightly coloured candied fruits, symbolising the jewels of the Wise Men's crown. Inside, figurines representing the baby Jesus are hidden, and those who find them take on the responsibility of organising a celebration on Candlemas Day, February 2nd.

Today, the King's Crown Cake is an essential part of Christmas celebrations in many countries. While the traditional recipe consists of a sweet dough flavoured with orange blossom water and decorated with candied fruits, various versions have emerged, featuring fillings such as whipped cream, custard, truffle, or chocolate, adapting to local tastes and keeping alive a tradition with centuries of history.